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People and organizations
Durham, Elliot M., 1892-1976
Person

Elliot Manery Durham was born December 8, 1892 in Sault Ste. Marie Ontario. During the World War 1, he served with the Canadian Light Infantry in France and Belgium, attained the rank of Captain, and saw action at Ypres, Festubert, the Somme, and Vimy Ridge. After the war he pursued a career in business, working as a production consultant with the CPR until he moved to California in the early 1920's, where he married Hazel Allingham. He moved to England in the early 1930's and joined the company of Newball and Mason in 1939. He directed that company from 1942 to 1950. After retiring from his business career, he entered into municipal politics in Nottingham, a city which is known for its connection to the legendary Robin Hood. Durham served as alderman, and Sheriff (1966-67) and chairman of the combined Nottinghamshire Police Authority (1968-70). He was acknowledged for his involvement in Nottinham's civic affairs by having a school named after him. He received the CBE in 1970 and also became an honourary alderman in that year. Elliot Manery Durham died on March 6, 1976.

Algoma Tramways Ltd.
Corporate body

Algoma Tramways Ltd. was incorporated in 1937 under Ontario Letters Patent to carry on the business of transporting goods of the Algoma Steel Corporation and Algoma Ore Properties Ltd. The company was the legal entity which governed the operation of the aerial tramways which carried crushed ore from the mine face to the sinter plant. The construction of the tramway allowed Sir James Dunn to by-pass the Algoma Central Railway in the transportation of ore and was part of his scheme to force the Algoma Central Railway into bankruptcy so that he could acquire it. Eventually Dunn was forced to abandon this plan when the tramway did not have the capacity to carry the incresed amount of ore with the expansion of the sinter plant. With the Algoma Central Railway transporting the ore, the company's charter was surrendered in 1955.

Algoma Arts Society
Corporate body · 1948 -

The Algoma Art Society was formed at a meeting held at the Sault Ste. Marie Public Library on January 16, 1948. Mrs. Lydia Hargreaves was named as Honorary President with Stewart Mac Dougall as President. She aims of the society were to further the graphic arts, hold exhibitions of local talent and to bring in exhibits from the outside and to encourage the mutual assitance and exchange of ideas among members. A constitution was drawn up and activities started almost immediately with sketch nights set up at the Library. The first official exhibit of the society was held in November, 1948 and Miss Ada Wrong of Windsor was invited to create the work. The society has had many temporary homes. In 1949 a studio was sent across form Laurence's Drug Store on Queen Street. In 1951 the Art Society was offered the Knox Avenue studio of the late Mrs. Hargreaves. This proved too small and another move was made to the top of the Lyons Block at the corner of John and Wellington. The club then moved to the Art Room at the Memorial Gardens which was offered free of charge. In 1952 the Art Society began sponsoring weekend workings and summer courses with artists such as Gustav Weisman, Earl Schafer and Julia Crawford and a sketching trip with AY Jackson in 1954. In 1959 it was decided to make the summers school an annual event. Instructors included Aba Bayefsky, Loues Muhlstock, Robert Hedrick, Gerald Scott, Zoltan Szabo, and Herald Zeldin. Scholarships were awarded to promising high school students such as Ralph Robert Carmichael, Gwen Keathey and Ken Mac Dougall. The summer school was eventually taken over by Sault College.

Hargreaves, Lydia, d. 1950
Person

Lydia Eleanor Davis was likely born in Pennsylvania c 1875. She studied art in the United States and at the Academic Julian in Paris in 1895 and 1896. She is known to have been living in England in 1901 where she continued to study painting. She married John Hargreaves, a graduate of Trinity College (London, England) c 1904 and moved to Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario in 1905. John Hargreaves gave private music instruction and was a music teacher for the Public Schools in Sault Ste. Marie. Lydia also gave private art instruction in Sault Ste. Marie as well as maintaining an art studio and school in Toronto at 181 Clements Avenue from about 1916 -1936. Lydia taught art at the Technical School in Sault Ste. Marie during the 1940's. She was named Honourary President of the Algoma Art Society when it was formed in 1947. Lydia died at the General Hospital on April 20, 1950 and was buried from the Sarson Funeral Home in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. She was predeceased by her husband John who died in the Plummer Hospital on November 7, 1947 and is buried in the Greenwood Cemetery in Sault Ste. Marie.

Bondar, Roberta, 1945-
Person

Dr. Roberta Lynn Bondar was born in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario on December 4, 1945 and completed both her elementary and high school education in Sault Ste. Marie. Bondar graduated from the University of Guelph B.Sc. 1968, University of Western Ontario M.Sc. 1971, University of Toronto Ph.D. 1974, McMaster University M.D. 1977 and University of Western Ontario F.R.C.P. (C) 1981. Bondar has also received numerous Honourary Doctorate Degrees and awards including Officer, Order of Canada, 1992, Order of Ontario, 1993 and Specialy elected Fellow, Royal Society of Canada, 1998. Bondar was a member of the Canadian Astronaut Program from 1983-1992 and was the second Canadian astronaut in space and the first Canadian woman astronaut. Bondar was a payload specialist aboard the Shuttle "Discovery", Mission STS-42 which was launched January 22, 1992. This mission carried the first International Microgravity Lab (IML) and during the eight-day mission crewmembers performed 42 experiments which focusd on how humans, animals, plants and materials react and behave in the space environment. Following her departure from the Canadian Astronaut Program in 1992, Bondar pursued other career goals which included lecturing and photography. Bondar has had several group and solo exhibitions of her photographs, including ' A Passionate Vision: Discovering Canada's National Parks" which was organized by the Canadian Museum of nature in 2000.

Clergue (family)
Family

The Clergue family were of French Huguenot ancestry from Montfermier France. Francis Hector Clergue has been recognized by the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada for his development of the industrial complex in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Hector Clergue, Francis's father, was born in L'Orient France March 20, 1830 the only child of Jean Clergue and Marie Josephine Roland. His father died about 1837 and as a young man Joseph worked aboard ships travelling to Iceland and Martinique. Eventually he settled in Bangor, Maine where he established himself as a barber. He married Francis Clarissa Lombard and they had eight children, Josephine (1853-1939), Francis (1856 - 1939), Ernest (1858 - 1902), Helen (1860 - 1938), Mary (1866 - 1867), Grace (1869 - 1944), Gertrude ( 1871 - 1951) and Bertrand (1875-1930). Francis Hector Clergue studied law however in the 1880's turned his attention to the promotion and financing of railways, hydro electic plants, pulp mills and mining projects in Maine. As a promoter Francis was very successful in gaining financial support for his schemes, however most of his schemes failed due to his lack of management skills. Unable to obtain further financial support for his projects due to his business failures, Clergue travelled to Persia in 1888 with plans to build a railway across Persia. Unfortunately Clergue was unable to gain the approval from the shah for his scheme. In 1894 Clergue went searching for investment opportunites in Canada for a group of Philadelphia investors when he heard of the unfinished hydro electric plant in Sault Ste. Marie. Clergue was able to gain the financial backing necessary to complete the project. From this initial investment Clergue developed in Sault Ste. Marie and industrial complex which included a hydro electric power plant,a pulp and paper mill, mines,a steel plant and a transportation network of railways and ships. Clergue built a large mansion in Sault Ste. Marie for his parents and other members of his family which he called Montfermier after his great grandfather's home. Clergue also restored the North West Company bateau lock as well as the Blockhouse which he used as his own residence. Once again however, Clergue's vision overeached his management skills and in 1902 the large complex known as the Consolidated Lake Superior Corporation was forced into bankruptcy. Clergue lost control of the company and he moved to Montreal. Clergue became president of the Waterbury Tool Company in Waterbury Connecticut and turned his attention to the sale of the patent which he held for a universal transmission device for heavy gun turrets. In 1910, Clergue obtained a contract from Russia for the manufacture of munitions which he transferred to the Canadian Car & Foundry Company of which Senator Nathaniel Curry was president. Clergue earned a substantial commission for obtaining the contract and was elected as a director of the company and was subsequently appointed a member of the executive committee, positions that he held until is death in 1939. Clergue was also president of the Universal Engineering Company in Montreal. Francis's two brother, Ernest and Bertrand Clergue were also involved with his busness enterprises. Ernest who died in 1902 managed the iron mine at Michipicoten. After the collapse of the industrial complex in Sault Ste. Marie, Bertrand Clergue travelled to Germany where he had some success selling interests in mining properties in Temagami and the Sudbury District. While in England he married Margaret Murray Roscoe on October 3, 1906. Bertrand died suddenly in Waterbury Conn. in 1930. Francos's sister Josephine married Bernhard Pol in 1876 and they had one daughter, Francis Mary Pol. Helen Clergue took up residence in England and became a well known author writing several books on 18th century France as well as contributing articles to several publications including the Edinburgh Review. Grace Clergue married Willaim Lynde Harrisson in 1900 and had one daughter, Sarah Gertrude Plant Harrisson. Gertrude lived with Francis in Montreal and in 1917 Gertrude and Grace launched a cookbook in the lavish Clergue style to raise funds for the devastated areas of France. Most of the family members are interred in the family plot in Mount Hope Cemetery in Bangor,Maine.

Pim, David, d. 1870
Person

David Pim was one of the first settlers in Sault Ste. Marie. Born in Dublin Ireland c1827 he immigrated to Canada c1850. He married Margaret Campbell Butchart in Owen sound on November 22, 1852 in St George's Church. The newly married Pims arrived in Sault Ste. Marie in 1852 and moved into the Ermatinger Old Stone House which they opened as a hotel.In 1857 Pim purchased 50 acres of land at the top of what is now called Pim Hill which was the first recorded land transaction in Sault Ste. Marie. In 1858 Pim purchased the Ermatinger Old Stone House becoming the first person to hold legal title to the house. In 1862 Pim increased his land holdings with the purchase of a lot in Tarentorus. As well as being appointed postmaster in 1858, David Pim was appointed Revenue Inspector and Issuer of Shop and Tavern Licenses for Algoma in 1861. Pim died suddenly in 1870 at the age of 43 and is buried in the historic Old Town Cemetery on Queen Street. The Pims had five children and his wife Margaret carried on as Post Mistress for Sault Ste. Marie until 1903. Margaret died in 1906.

Graham, Harry
Person

Harry Graham was a forester with the Department of Lands and Forests in Sault Ste. Marie , Ontario from 1951 - 1967. In 1968 he became an instructor with Cambrian College in Sault Ste. Marie and then from 1973-1985 with Sault College. In April 1975, Harry Graham formed the Sault Rapids Society in response to a proposal by Great Lakes Power Ltd. to construct a large generating station on Whitefish Island in the St Marys River. With Harry Graham as chairman the group was successful in preventing the development when on May 24, 1977 Great Lakes Power announced that they were going to expand the existing plant instead. The Sault Rapids Society's other objectives were to establish Whitefish Island as a historic site and to restore and stabilize the fish production areas of the rapids and the St. Mary's River. These two objectives were also accomplished.

Corporate body · 1840-1995

S.S. No, 6 East Oxford Township, Blow's School was first built around 1840. In 1995, the school was closed in order to make way for the clover-leaf at the junction of Highway 59 and Highway 401, at Woodstock.

Person · 1918-2005

Louis-Laurent Hardy, mostly known as Laurent Hardy, was born in 1918. He was an archivist at Radio-Canada. Around 1977, he started a project that was dear to him – a study of Domina C. Jalbert (1904-1991), a Quebecois inventor and expert on parachutes. Jalbert’s principle inventions were: a Kytoon (1943); a Multi-Cell parachute (1952); a Multi-Cell Glide Canopy (1962); the Jalbert Airfoil or Parafoil (1963); and the Jalbert Spinnaker (197-?). Beyond conducting research, Hardy also began to write to Jalbert in 1977. The two men exchanged correspondence up until 1991 when Jalbert died. Hardy made it his mission to spread information on Jalbert’s achievements through the publication of articles and by writing to Canadian and American associations and to eminent personalities. After Jalbert’s death, Hardy also sought to preserve his memory by seeking a repository for his archives and research. Hardy died in 2005.

Lennox, George, 1920-2000
Person · 1920-2000

George Lennox was born Jerzy Lenartowicz in Warsaw, Poland, in 1920. He attended Jagiellonian University beginning in 1938 and joined the Auxiliary Detachment of Polish Youth as an officer cadet when Germany and Russia invaded the country. He was captured as the Polish forces retreated, but escaped from a train destined for the Katyn Forest where Polish military officers and civilians were later massacred. He made his way to Hungary on foot through the Eastern Carpathian Mountain Range. He escaped a further internment in Hungary to make his way to France via Yugoslavia and Italy. Once in France, he joined the Polish forces there under General Władysław Sikorski, the beginning of the Polish Armed Forces in the West. The Polish force was pushed to the coast and was rescued by the Royal Navy (UK). Lennox went to officer school after his arrival in Liverpool. He joined the tank corps stationed in Scotland. After two years, he transferred to the air force. He trained in England before being posted to Palestine where he flew reconnaissance missions. In late 1944, he was posted to the 315 Fighter Squadron (Polish) defending the UK and attacking targets in Northern Europe. That year, he met and married Irene Arthy. He had the rank of Flight Lieutenant when the war ended.

After the war, Lennox studied architecture at Northern Polytechnic Institute, earning a diploma in 1954 while working for British Railways as an architect. After graduation, he decided to change his name with the hopes that the anglicized version, Lennox, would help him advance in England. He followed a Structural Engineering Course for Architects at the Institute for Civil Engineering in 1955. Lennox and his family decided to immigrate to Canada in 1956, first settling in Toronto and Kitchener, Ontario, before moving to Winnipeg where he worked for Canadian Pacific Railway as Chief Architect of the Prairie and Pacific Region. During this period he joined the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada, later serving on the Editorial Board of its Journal.

In 1959, he was recruited by the Department of Transport in Ottawa to be a Project Architect, responsible for air terminal planning and construction. In this role from 1959 to 1962, he managed the projects to construct Terminal 1 at Toronto International Airport and the Dorval Air Terminal Building at Montreal International Airport. From 1962 to 1969, he served as Chief, Contracts Division, where he established policies, procedures, and techniques for all Transport construction projects. From 1969 to 1972, he was Head of the Special Projects and Fine Arts Section under the direction of Transport’s Chief Architect. In this capacity, he was responsible for interior design and art at all Federally-run airports, as well as special projects like the expansion of Yellowknife and Inuvik air terminals. Later in 1972, he was named Project Manager for CATA’s Caribbean Program, carried out on behalf of the Canadian International Development Agency. In this capacity, Lennox advised governments on the future development or expansion of airports in Guyana, Barbados, Grenada, St. Vincent, Dominica, St. Kitts, Nevis, Montserrat, and Antigua. In 1974, he was named Project Manager for similar development projects in the Overseas Program. In this role, he contributed to airport development in Turkey, Burma (Myanmar), and Nicaragua. Soon after, he returned to a Program Manager role for Canadian airports, overseeing planning for Ottawa International Airport and the reconstruction of the Thunder Bay Air Terminal. The last group of airport projects that Lennox worked on for the Ministry of Transport were smaller Western airport that needed to adjust to the rapid growth of resource industries: Fort St. John Airport, Fort McMurray Airport, Yellowknife Airport, and Fort Nelson Airport.

Lennox retired from the Ministry of Transport on July 16, 1983. During his retirement, he went on to work as an occasional consultant for his son Edward (Ted) Lennox’s aviation and airport consulting company. George Lennox died in 2000.

Holland, Carroll
Person · 1942-2012

Carroll Holland was born in Windsor on July 3, 1942, and was an activist, writer, journalist, buddhist, and lesbian. Holland came out later in life around age 40. She volunteered with GO Info, the Gay and Lesbian newspaper in Ottawa as a member of the editorial board, and Pink Triangle Services in the 1980s and 1990s. In addition Holland was a founding member of EGALE. In 1991 Holland initiated innovative work with Ottawa's Police Services along with David Pepper to form the permanent Ottawa-Carleton Police Liaison Committee for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Communities, in the wake of gay-bashings and deteriorating relations between the queer community and the police. Here, she devoted 12 years and earned a Pioneer Aware from the Ottawa police in 2011. Holland also engaged with a variety of human rights groups and peace movements, combining her activism and Buddhist practices.

Carroll Holland passed away on December 22, 2012, at age 70.

Corporate body · 1995-2005

In 1995, Women's College Hospital partnered with the University of Toronto to establish the Centre for Research in Women's Health. The primary purpose of the Centre for Research in Women's Health was to conduct and promote research on topics relevant to women’s health. The Centre also sought to foster connections with the broader community and encourage interdisciplinary research, studying the interaction between biological, psychological, economic, social, cultural, and legal factors.

The Centre for Research in Women's Health recruited additional research faculty to the Hospital and established funding for a number of academic chairs. In 2003, the Centre for Research in Women's Health became an extra-departmental unit at the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, taking on a larger role in student education. The Centre established scholarships to foster new researchers and has hosted multidisciplinary events in women’s health such as the Graduate Student Research Day.

The Centre for Research in Women’s Health helped build many of the research programs that remain part of the Women’s College Research Institute today.

Pepper, David
Person

David Pepper is a gay activist and journalist in Ottawa, Ontario. Pepper has served as a member of the Ottawa Police Service Liaison Committee for the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Communities since July of 1991. Pepper has worked for the Ottawa Police Services Board since June of 1993. He was a founder and member of the Ottawa-Hull Lesbian and Gay Task Force on Violence along with Carol Holland. Pepper wrote for GO INFO and Capital Xtra! in the 1990s. Pepper has also served as a Board member of the AIDS Committee of Ottawa.

Waltho, Edmund William
Person · 1909-1978

Edmund William Waltho was born on November 8, 1909 in Toronto, Ontario to Charles Jonathan Waltho and Clara Evelyn Parton. He is the second born of three children. Not much is known about Waltho’s education or career, though he was a member of the Wilson Ornithological Society in 1956. He died in Toronto in 1978 at the age of 68.

Corporate body · 1905-1970

Edouard Gaston Deville, Surveyor-General, recommended the establishment of a permanent observatory in Ottawa in 1887 (Hodgson, 8). One of the purposes for such an observatory was to have a central location to “store and maintain in proper working order 'a number of fine and expensive astronomical instruments” (Hodgson, 8). In 1890, a first observatory was erected on Cliff Street in Ottawa. It held transit instruments and a 6-inch equatorial telescope, used to determine time and longitude. The situation of this observatory was considered poor and Astronomy Branch staff of the Department of the Interior lobbied for the construction of a National Observatory (Hodgson, 9-10).

Chief Dominion Architect David Ewart designed the Dominion Observatory building in Ottawa, situated on the Agriculture Department's Central Experimental Farm. The building was completed in 1905. At opening, the Observatory had a staff of 31 (Hodgson, 25). The main instrument, a 15-inch refracting telescope, was the largest installed in Canada at that time. William Frederick King, Chief Astronomer for the Department of the Interior, was the Observatory’s first Director.

In 1918, the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory in Saanich, British Columbia, was opened with a 72-inch telescope to pursue observations beyond the capabilities of the Dominion Observatory in Ottawa.

The Dominion Observatory continued to be responsible for scientific research in astrophysical and allied sciences. The discovery of “Planet X” in 1928 was one of its most significant achievements. The Observatory also addressed problems of everyday application, such as time-keeping. A 28 August 1941 Order-in-Council designated the time established at the Dominion Observatory as official time for Dominion official purposes.

During its existence, the Observatory would report to ever-changing government departments and agencies. In 1936, the Department of the Interior was dissolved and a new Department of Mines and Resources was created. The Observatory reported to its Surveys and Engineering Branch. The change in structure allowed work in seismology and terrestrial magnetism to be consolidated. In 1947, the Dominion Observatories were grouped into one of eight bureaus of the Mines, Forests, and Scientific Services Branch. The Ottawa Observatory consisted of five divisions: Positional Astronomy, Stellar Physics, Terrestrial Magnetism, Seismology and Gravity. In January 1950, after another restructuring, the Observatory began reporting to the Department of Mines and Technical Surveys.

In 1966, the Department of Energy, Mines and Resources (EMR) was created and the Dominion Observatory became part of the Mines and Geosciences Group. The 1966-67 Annual Report for EMR describes the Observatories Branch as concerned with two major disciplines - astronomy and geophysics. A new division Astronomy, Ottawa - was created, which comprised the former divisions of positional astronomy and stellar physics. There were also three divisions concerned with geophysics.

The National Research Council (NRC) gained responsibility for the time and solar observation functions of the Observatory in 1970. The site and its equipment were thereafter used primarily for public demonstration. In 1974 the telescope was transferred to the Canada Science and Technology Museum and Mary Grey, one of the last Observatory staff working on the site, joined the Museum staff as head of its Astronomy Division.

Hunter, E.R.
Person · 1909-2011

Edmund Robert Hunter was born June 4, 1909 in Toronto, Ontario to Carl Hamilton Hunter and Ethelwyn Walker, the daughter of Byron Edmund Walker. He was the eldest of four sons, John, Harry and Alan. Edmund took after his grandfather and studied art at the Ontario College of Art between 1929-1931, after which he served an apprenticeship with C.T. Currelly at the Royal Ontario Museum of Archaeology. He then went and studied art history at the Courtauld Institute at the University of London between 1933-1935.

He met his wife Frances Valentine Meriwether while touring Germany. They married in Indiana in 1938 and would have two sons together.

Hunter worked in many art insitutitions across Ontario and Quebec during the late 1930s and early 1940s, including the Art Association of Montreal, the National Gallery of Canada, and the Art Gallery of Toronto (now the Art Gallery of Ontario.)

Hunter moved to the United States in 1941, and would become a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1943 after serving time in the U.S. Army during World War II.

Hunter would serve as the director of the Norton Museum of Art twice, once between 1943-1949 and again in 1962-1974. Hunter also served as Director of the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, Georgia, the Vizcaya Museum & Gardens in Miami, Florida and the Jacksonville Museum of Contemporary Art in Jacksonville, Florida.

Edmund Robert Hunter died in 2011 in Palm Beach Florida at the age of 102.

McCorqudoale family
Family · [17- ] -

The McCorquodale family of West Zorra and East Nissouri townships held their first joint gathering of all the branches of the family that descended from John and Sarah McCorquodale of Argyllshire, Scotland, in 1925.

Since then, the family has continued the tradition of family picnics and reunions, usually in May and June.